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Anne Applebaum Responds

Anne Applebaum has partially responded to my post yesterday on her column.

She writes, again, that the backlash against the successes of meritocratic higher education — which, she insinuated, is what fuels the Tea Parties — is not aimed merely at super-educated liberal elites, but all elites. She says I should listen harder for all of this anti-education rhetoric around me. She cites Christine O’Donnell saying “she didn’t go to Yale” and Sarah Palin going after “spineless” Ivy Leaguers. And so on.

I’m trying not to let my exasperation get the better of me, so let me explain what I think she is missing. Attacking the Ivy League is a very old, very recognizable shorthand in American political discourse. What Applebaum is doing is reading these statements literally, and painfully so.

(She is also asserting that Ivy League simply means the smartest and the best, as if there was no plausible case that the Ivy League’s reputation is any way overblown or underserved. She has to do this to make her case that conservatives don’t believe in educational excellence, because the only “proof” she has are a few statements attacking such schools.)

The problem is that when conservatives zing the Ivy League or the educational elite, they are no more offering an omnibus indictment of educational excellence than liberals are denouncing all Texans when they take potshots at George W. Bush’s Texan roots. Similarly, when Yalie George H. W. Bush stuck it to Michael Dukakis for his views borrowed from “Harvard Yard,” he was not offering a plenary indictment of academic excellence generally. Rather, he was speaking idiomatically about certain types of people who tend to hail from the Ivy Leagues. I find it simply bizarre that Applebaum cannot or will not grant the possibility that certain words and phrases in political discourse have a valence different than their black-letter meaning.

Let’s take her weird grievance against Ginni Thomas. In her original column, Applebaum was dismayed that Thomas had told a crowd of Tea Partiers that “we are ruled by an elite that thinks it knows better than we know.”

And in her follow-up post Applebaum writes of Sarah Palin’s and Thomas’s “inarticulate and wide-ranging broadsides against ‘the elite’ — all of the elite, which by definition includes themselves.”

Again, in order to smash the square peg of her thesis into the round hole of reality, she essentially has to buy into the idea that Thomas is either a hypocrite or suffering from cognitive dissonance. Doesn’t she realize that her husband went to Yale and sits on the Supreme Court!?

Uh, yeah, she knows that. And why Applebaum can’t give Thomas et al. the benefit of the doubt on this is beyond me. Moreover if you asked Glenn Beck or Christine O’Donnell or Sarah Palin what they think of Clarence Thomas (or Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek, Tom Sowell, William F. Buckley, and so on), they would not invoke educational excellence as a black mark against their reputations. No, they would celebrate it. Why? Not because they’re hypocrites, but because when they denigrate Ivy League elitists, they have a particular elite in mind.

Which brings me to these head-scratching bits from her response:

Perhaps it’s not surprising that this issue has tied conservative intellectuals in knots, particularly those at the National Review (a magazine whose masthead used to feature my husband, and for which I used to occasionally write). On the one hand, the magazine was founded by an old-style elitist, William F. Buckley, and plenty of Ivy Leaguers have written for its pages. On the other hand, the editors apparently feel obligated to support Sarah Palin and Ginni Thomas’s inarticulate and wide-ranging broadsides against “the elite” — all of the elite, which by definition includes themselves.

What? First of all, William F. Buckley railed against the elites in higher education since his first book, God and Man at Yale. He famously talked about preferring to be governed by the first 500 names in the Boston phone book than the faculty at Harvard. Buckley used to write a regular feature, The Ivory Tower, that presaged virtually everything Applebaum finds so new and distressing from Palin and Thomas.

Second of all, what knots? Who or what at NR is she referring to? I have no idea. This strikes me as a perfectly Frumian straw man. Then there’s this:

So anxious is Goldberg to dismiss the idea that a part of the right is “anti-education” that he actually attributes arguments to me that I never made. I never mentioned envy, for example, but he attacks my “theory of envy” as “not merely wrong but actually silly.” He also goes on, nonsensically, about liberals who are “bossing people around.” What, conservatives never boss anyone around? They never think they know best?

Huh? Applebaum is now moving the goalposts. What I objected to was the bizarre insinuation that what is motivating Tea Partiers and other conservatives these days is a backlash against elite education, academic achievement, or the rise of the meritocracy as personified by the Obamas. That remains what I dismiss.

Are there “anti-education” conservatives out there? Maybe, though I haven’t met any and Applebaum still hasn’t offered any evidence of any. Again, she claims otherwise because she thinks the Ivy League is a perfect stand-in for academic excellence and merit, and anyone who says bad things about dear old Yale or Harvard must be against those things. 

Applebaum says she never brought up envy. Fair enough. All I can say is that when she writes about a popular backlash against the meritocratic elite, it sounds to me like the resentment she’s describing amounts to envy.

Lastly, there’s this bit about conservatives ordering people around too. If she thinks this point is nonsensical, I’m at a loss as to how she can make sense of a half century of conservative thought and the main currents of contemporary American politics. Since Barack Obama was sworn in, the federal government has intruded into American life in ways not seen for a generation or more. In the case of health care, it is a truly unprecedented and transformational incursion. This is what has sparked and fueled the Tea Parties, who demand that the government stop doing these things, stop “bossing them around.” What offends them — just as what offended Bill Buckley for his entire adult life — is a self-anointed progressive elite that believes it has the knowledge and intellect to restructure society as it sees fit, often heedless of tradition, constitutional norms, the expressed will of the American people and reason. That is what Ginni Thomas is referring to when she says “we are ruled by an elite that thinks it knows better than we know.”  

And I’m with her. But then again I didn’t go to an Ivy League school, so what do I know?

Update: Grr, argh. In my sloth and lethargy, I allowed Jay Nordlinger to beat me to one of my points. Scroll down.

New on The Corner. . .


COMMENTS   37

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   10/13/10 15:09

George W. Bush and Barack H. Obama are both Ivy League, but they're not the same Ivy League.

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   10/13/10 15:10

If an elite group turns higher education into a vehicle to instill socialist views and suppress all competing views as best it can, is that group not anti-education?

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   10/13/10 15:20

Can't any of 'them' just realize that people today hate the dumb ideas and ever-reaching government tentacles creeping into our lives and frankly don't care if they wear an ascot or smoke a pipe while using their butlers as a human footrest? (That's what elites do right?)

Their ideas suck.... that's the bottom line.

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 JPK
   10/13/10 15:37

Here's what PJ O'Rouke had to say about the matter:

"...I don't mind easterners, but they think they're the best and the brightest. Well, easterners have their best and brightest and we Toledoans have ours. Their best and brightest come up with things like FEMA, the budget deficit and Iraq. Our best and brightest start a successful chain of muffler shops."

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   10/13/10 15:48

So, basically, this whole dispute boils down to one set of conservatives using "Ivy League" as a lazy shorthand for "influential people who disagree with me", and another set using "Ivy League" as a lazy shorthand for "successful and meritorious people".

Neither of which adds anything useful to American political discourse.

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   10/13/10 15:55

I once said to my mother-in-law, who claimed to be a conservative "independent" who voted for Obama, "Obama treats the presidency like it's a 600-level political science class" which I think is a symptom of these so-called elites - they all studied under liberal professors who fed them these theories of government and society, and now they want to put those theories into practice. Even though those theories have failed each and every time they've been tried. To these "elites" the only reason the theories have failed is because the right people (them) haven't been in charge yet. They are the ones they've been waiting for.

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 Huey
   10/13/10 16:13

"He should listen harder, because in fact the rhetoric is far more sweeping than that, encompassing not only liberals but anyone with higher eduction."

Funny, but two people Ms. Applebaum cites are Ms. Palin and Ms. O'Donnell. Both have degrees, if I'm not mistaken, so I don't believe their comments are at all an assault on higher education in general. I also seem to recall widespread liberal derision and condescension directed at Ms. Palin's alma mater.

I suppose a state school doesn't have the same pedigree as the Ivy Leagues, but I've met many people with a state school education who were better read and more logical than others I've met from Brown, Yale, and Harvard. (With grade inflation, I often wonder if a "lesser" school's degree isn't often quite superior.)

My wife and I have three degrees between us (including a masters degree) and we know what's best for ourselves and our kids. We draw the line there. We know we don't know what's best for other people, be they more or less educated than us.

What is infuriating is that there are people who think they can and should make decisions for us. These people tend to have graduated from the same places, and hold the same ideas of intrusive, maternal government.

(Of course, there are those who came from the same schools but understand that they have neither the right nor responsibility to attempt to guide our lives in any way. Those in this camp who enter the world of politics need and deserve our support.)

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   10/13/10 16:33

I do not fully understand Applebaum's argument. She seems to say that the rise of merit-based admissions in schools like Harvard and Yale (can't use the shorthand "Ivy League") means that their students are no longer of an elite, at least not of an "old-style" elite.

But if there is an elite, then Applebaum wants there to be only one elite, and you don't get to self-identify. Applebaum assigns membership for you! Since there is only one elite, Ginni Thomas must be hypocritical in attacking it.

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   10/13/10 16:33

Humility. People need humility. What I find interesting is the ability of so many 'elites' to simply overlook history and act shocked at the idea that the populace would ever think to rise up. Money, merit, education, ability, nobility, honor; none of that matters when enough people decide that they are tired of being stepped on. The safest thing to do in that situation is to step aside and see what happens. Politicians who think they can get in front of this wave should be very wary.

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   10/13/10 16:42

Did you really need to drag Frum into your argument with Applebaum?

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   10/13/10 16:48

Reading this made me think of the recent dust-up between Victor Davis Hanson and that Stanford paper. To me, that's a pretty neat sum-up of the difference between "learned" and "elite."

Maybe that's unfair, because the article attacking VDH was unsigned. Or maybe it's very fair because the article plainly illustrates the culture of modern intellectualism.

Can't speak for others, but this Tea Partier won't simply assume that an ivy league professor knows anything about the world aside from what his orthodoxy tells him. I distrust his culture that much.

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   10/13/10 16:57

I was fired up and ready, after reading Applebaum's column with my morning coffee, to dash off an email to her, explaining pretty much what Jay, Jonah, and others have explained...but alas, in my sloth and lethargy, not to mention my need to work for a living...you've all beaten me to it.

Bill Buckley was truly elite...as an intellectual, as a polemicist, in debate...but first and foremost he was a conservative. Conservatives, almost by definition, do not 'boss people around', tell them to send in the money, keep quiet, and listen to their betters tell them how it ought to be spent. The root of conservatism is individual liberty; the Ivy League "anointed" (Sowell's sobriquet is the best description I've ever heard), on the other hand, believe...truly believe...that this is their mission in life, to use their anointed status to lift up the huddled masses by simply knowing better. Clarence Thomas does not spend his days trying to tell others how to live. Buckley never, ever lorded his intellect over anyone...he simply used it to make public fools of those who tried to. The bottom line: Applebaum, like most of those who spend their time "studying" the tea party phenomenon like some lost tribe newly discovered in the Amazon rain forest, just doesn't get it.

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   10/13/10 16:59

Applebaum misses the point. It is not the existence of elites that people are angry about. It is about two things. First it is the definition of who is "elite" and who is not. No one begrudges real achievement. The problem is that we have a generation of people who have done nothing but suck up and go to the right schools who claim to be "elite". When someone calls Bill Gates an "elite" no one is offended or has a problem with it. When Ezra Klein or some other bloviating idiot in the media calls themselves an "elite" people who have actually accomplished things get a little offended.

Second, it is about what it means to be an "elite". Being elite at something doesn't make you morally superior to anyone. You can be great at something and still be an awful person. Morality and achievement are two different things. And most importantly, being elite doesn't give you the right to tell everyone else how to live their lives or give you some kind of divine right to manage everyone else for their own good. If elites would stop thinking that their status gives them the right to control everyone around them, they wouldn't be so hated.

I would also add a third point. Elites never seem to be held responsible for anything. Back in the day, if you messed up badly, you were never given another shot at a big job. William Mullholland, for example pretty much built LA. But when one of the dams he built collapsed and killed a bunch of people, that was it. He was done. He died in disgrace. Now, elites routinely mess up and go merely on to new and better jobs. Fields of elites, like education 'experts' have destroyed entire segments of civic life and still expect to be held in high esteem. That makes people angry.

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   10/13/10 17:02

There's an ambiguity in the definition of "elitism" that Applebaum is playing off of. Jonah and others attack "elitism" in its sense as credentialism: that is, the self-referential attitude that you only get in The Club if you have these credentials, and being in The Club makes those credentials laudable. If its members had the self-awareness of a Groucho Marx, they would be too embarrassed to join. As it is, though, they tend to follow the wrong Marx.

Applebaum sure seems like a credentialist, but she's counterattacking using the meritocratic sense of "elitism". But conservatives (and Americans, generally) don't have any problem with an elite as the cream of the crop. They just think the cream of the crop is revealed by accomplishment. It's a recognition process, not an admission process, and it's far more democratic and open than the guild-like worldview of an Applebaum.

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   10/13/10 17:09

[I posted this comment at the end of Ms. Applebaum's article]:

Conservatives complain of liberal elites in the sense that liberal elites are paternalistic. In conservative conversations, use of the term "elites" is synonymous with "those who impose mandates on us, and/or look down on us, as though they are our betters."

The type of paternalistic governance conservatives complain of most is the type often seen from the Left. The Left usually seeks a well-meaning paternalism - which nonetheless erodes our freedoms and costs a lot of taxpayer money.

As a scholar of the Soviet Union, Ms. Applebaum, you should particularly understand how a government that espouses a philosophy of helping the downtrodden can be terribly oppressive.

So - if someone goes to Yale or Harvard - but opposes paternalistic government policies - conservatives and the tea party movement would embrace them (and their educational excellence). They would not be called "elite" by conservatives in the negative sense described above.

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   10/13/10 17:13

This shouldn't be that difficult. Just consider good old propositional logic and the following claims.

Joe is credentialed (E.g. he has a degree from Harvard or some other WhoopDeeDoo U.)

Joe is educated.

Joe is intelligent.

The truth values of these propositions are independent; any of the eight possible assignments of truth values to them makes sense.

Conflating credentials with education and/or intelligence appears to be a common error in contemporary discourse. David Brooks, for example, seems to mistake the possession of certain credentials for one of the other more significant properties quite regularly.

Like Mr. Goldberg, I don't actually know anyone who is opposed to education. I do know people, even in addition to me, who are put off by the prevalence of the error I describe.

So, where does the problem of the `elites' come in? The `elites' in question are people who: have the type of credentials I describe, conflate the possession of those credentials with the possession of education and intelligence, and furthermore, believe that the possession of those credentials means that they're better educated and more intelligent than just about anybody. Certainly, they think, they are more educated and intelligent than people who lack such credentials. As a consequence, these `elites' believe that they should decide how the rubes' money is spent, how much fatty food the rubes can eat, how much carbon the rubes can produce, etc.

It's hard to say in what way these `elites' are elite. Michael Jordan is elite; you can tell by watching him play and looking at his stats. Tiger Woods is elite; you can tell by watching him play and looking at his stats. Stevie Ray Vaughan is elite; you can tell by listening to his cds. In what way are the `elites' in question elite? Maybe they are elite among con men because they convince the American people to appoint them to high paying positions in which they figure out new ways to take our money and extend their control over our lives, but that's about it.

Anyway, to close, perhaps the problem is that Anne Applebaum can't recognize when `elite' is being used ironically. Bobby Orr is elite. Barack Obama is just `elite', scare quotes elite, a legend in his own mind.

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   10/13/10 17:17

From Ann's original column: "But I don't quite see what comes next. When Ginni Thomas tells a cheering crowd of Virginia Tea Partyers that "we are ruled by an elite that thinks it knows better than we know" who, or what, does she want to put in its place?"

"Put in its place" is the key phrase. How about NOTHING in its place? STOP trying to run our lives for our own betterment. How about a citizen legislature populated by citizens that have to live under the rules and regulations and repucussions in the real world?

Ann's literal interpretation of the tea party's anti-elite sentiment appears one-dimensional and shallow for someone of her background and education. Ha.

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   10/13/10 17:27

Also, Anne, it's "National Review", not "the National Review".

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   10/13/10 17:32

I know of a an elite who came up with a dumb idea that dictates our lives, its called the Laffer Curve and its creator, Frank Laffer, graduated from Yale and Stanford. The idea that the only ideas that come out of elite institutions are both liberal and destructive is really dumb. There are many conservatives who think they know what's best for the rest of us, and they come out with idiotic ideas that do not lead to economic advancement, or more freedom. You don't think an economic model built on drastically cutting taxes on the top 2% and that revenue would "trickle down" to us commoners is elitist? Give me a break.

Lastly, the idea that the academy is a liberal wasteland is made by people who don't know much about how a university is run. The death of higher education started when administrators started looking at corporate business models as way to structure the universities finances and mission. The notion that college equals liberal is lazy and dishonest. The only clear liberal bent you find in college is in the humanities which is no longer the top major for college students. Degrees in business(the top major for undergraduates), engineering, law, medicine, are more conservative.

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   10/13/10 19:31

Jonah -- You are absolutely correct in your original post and your response. THat said, I could see why she took it personally -- you essentially argued that she is out of touch because she is in Poland and therefore does not really understand what she is talking about. True, but I could see how someone would take it personally.

Reading her post on the Washington Post, the following came to mind: None are so blind as those that refuse to see. Ms. Applebaum does not want to acknowledge why the government has an "elitism" problem.

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