Get FREE NRO Newsletters

 

March 5 Issue  |  Subscribe  |  Renew

Close

New on NRO . . .

The Corner

The one and only.

Print   |  Text
 

Revolution in Egypt? I’m Pessimistic.

Ever since 9/11, I’ve been skeptical of what I consider to be overly rapid and naively optimistic American plans to democratize the Middle East. It’s not that I’m against democracy, or even against policies designed to encourage it over the long term. The problem is that what Americans actually mean by democracy is not just elections, but liberal democracy, the broader cultural attitude toward individual liberty that’s necessary to make elections work. Bring elections prematurely to a country with a deeply illiberal culture, and you are asking for trouble. We Americans tend to take our liberal democratic values for granted, and so we’re often slow to recognize that merely giving Middle Easterners the ballot isn’t enough to turn them into liberal democrats.

That’s why the chaos in Egypt concerns me. Broadly speaking, I agree with National Review’s editors. They do a good job of treading the same fine line as President Obama and our other policy-makers. If anything, however, I would stress the danger of a post-Mubarak Egypt even more. There may well be a genuinely democratic opposition in the streets of Egypt right now. Yet broadly speaking, Egypt is bereft of the culture of liberal democracy, and that spells trouble.

I was no great fan of Pakistan’s President Musharraf, but I was also far more skeptical than most liberals or conservatives about the prospect for democracy in Pakistan after his departure. Pakistan had at least a core liberal tradition left over from British rule and embodied in its lawyers. Today a younger generation of Pakistan’s lawyers showers the assassin of a moderate Muslim governor with rose petals.

If you want to read about the cultural realities of Egyptian life that ground my skepticism, here’s a piece of mine on Egypt from the months after 9/11. For a more thorough look at the issue, here’s my take on the Middle East’s tribal culture and the barrier it poses to democracy. I cover Cairo toward the end of that piece. But for a quick, fun, and bitingly skeptical take on the whole idea of democracy promotion as traditionally understood, have a look at this.

New on The Corner. . .


COMMENTS   36

EXPAND  

 Dave
   01/28/11 19:57

Sadly, when I see Egypt 2011, I think Iran 1979.

A loyal but autocratic American ally overthrown by a popular revolt that is quickly co-opted by radical Islamic theocrats.

It'll be a shame.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
Steve Diamond
   01/28/11 20:03

What a surprise, NRO's Kurtz agrees with "socialist" Obama that we should fear a democratic revolution in the Arab world. Once again, as in Czechoslovakia in 1968, Hungary in 1956, Poland in 1980, China in 1989, the conservatives and liberals unite to block progressive reform in the world. Each time then many more years of violence and authoritarianism followed. Let us hope this new movement is strong enough to win without U.S. support.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/28/11 20:07

"It’s not that I’m against democracy, or even against policies designed to encourage it over the long term. The problem is that what Americans actually mean by democracy is not just elections, but liberal democracy, the broader cultural attitude toward individual liberty that’s necessary to make elections work. Bring elections prematurely to a country with a deeply illiberal culture, and you are asking for trouble"

In other words, the Arabs have to remain in tyranny for now, because the best way to develop the "liberal-democratic values" is to live in tyranny. And only after this miracle happens, they should be allowed to vote for their leaders.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
 Jay
   01/28/11 21:02

Democracy is not coming to Egypt. If Mubarak is deposed, Egyptians will be trading an autocracy for a theocracy. Nature abhors a vacuum and the Muslim Brotherhood is poised to flow into the void. It will be a damnable mess and one we will be picking up the pieces from for many sad and bloody years.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/28/11 21:11

"For a more thorough look at the issue, here’s my take on the Middle East’s tribal culture and the barrier it poses to democracy.

Stanley had long ago promised a book on this matter, with a viewpoint derived from his experience as an anthropologist I believe.

But the Obama book came instead. I'd still like to see at least a long magazine piece on this.

Dave: I'm afraid I agree with you; this does smell a bit like Iran redux. But it would turn out differently because the Muslim Brotherhood are not the mullahs of Tehran/Qom.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/28/11 21:43

Interesting analysis on the effects of tribalism on perceived democracy.

Could you assign the same rationale to the fact that over 90% of African American voters vote Democratic?

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
onlineanalyst
   01/28/11 21:55

Mr. Kurtz: Your thoughtful reflections on Egypt's cultural realities are spot on. I share your pessimism re a positive outcome in Egypt or in any of the ME countries that rely so much on a tribal culture.

I agree with Dave and Jay. The Muslim Brotherhood will fill the power vacuum, and those dissidents who are rising up because of Egypt's poor economic conditions and outlook, particularly for the young and educated, will become the fodder in the maw of the Islamist feudalism.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/28/11 23:24

Cheer up - we'll still give them the money regardless.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
Joff
   01/28/11 23:32

In order to deflect the attention of the masses from his autocracy, Mubarak has fed Egyptians a steady diet of antisemitism and paranoid conspiracy theories in the government-controlled press and through the educational system. Those rampaging, unemployed youths in the streets of Cairo are not demonstrating for a tolerant, secular republic, as Jay and Dave have noted.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
 MAFV
   01/28/11 23:50
CCBiggs
   01/29/11 00:21

Mr. Kurtz is correct, unfortunately. Much more important than democracy is rule of law, civil society, and culture. The countries of the Middle East are awful places not because they lack democracy, but because they lack those other features.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 00:54

I would like to see one article that acknowledges the Judeo-Christian roots of what we now call "Western values" or "civilized societies." Apparently people in liberal democracies need to study their histories and philosophies. p.s. If you hold a democratic election in an insane asylum someone crazy is going to be elected even if there's someone sane running.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
David OH
   01/29/11 01:27

Do you think the Chinese media is carrying one story about this? They have something like 30 million party members and about a billion people who are currently listed as "unaffiliated". The US should be pushing this into Asia while controlling the fallout from the Middle East.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 07:20

"Bring elections prematurely to a country with a deeply illiberal culture, and you are asking for trouble."

Who cares about elections. How about the fact that we let the people with this illiberal culture immigrate to the US. If you believe your statement, your stance toward immigration(legal and illegal) should be draconian and very selective. Otherwise you are not being sincere.

Let's understand this line of thinking. These people are too illiberal to have a democracy, but they are welcome to immigrate to the US because somehow, magically, they're going to become liberals.

I wonder if these guys ever read what they write.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 07:25

"Bring elections prematurely to a country with a deeply illiberal culture, and you are asking for trouble."

Sadly this is true for most non-European cultures.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 07:37

"In other words, the Arabs have to remain in tyranny for now, because the best way to develop the "liberal-democratic values" is to live in tyranny. And only after this miracle happens, they should be allowed to vote for their leaders."

Great comment! The right loves to make deals with the devil. They do it domestically as well as internationally. Moderate Republicans love big government in all its' forms.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
Mike Cato
   01/29/11 08:49

I have little will doubt that Egypt is well on the way to becoming a version of Iran post 1979. In view of this, Israel must now make plans for retaking all or part of the Sinai peninsula. It simply cannot afford to have an Iran on its very border. One more observation: after the first rocket is fired from the new
Egypt into Israeli territory, Israel must respond with everything at its disposal--a full-out, no holds barred, "disproportionate" attack on Egypt's military structure--I mean total destruction, including the use of strategic nuclear weapons. It's either this, or Israel is doomed.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 08:51

I used to be a great fan of "liberal democracy" (and the Enlightenment, too). But now -- seeing the culture that our liberal attitudes have brought us -- not so much.

(Unfortunately, all that religious glue, which used to be the major factor in keeping Western civilization stuck together, is not something I can take seriously. It did have a lot of social utility, though, notwithstanding how ridiculous it is.)

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 09:10

Anybody seen anything on Youtube lately that reminds them of "A Clockwork Orange?"

Maybe the cocky idea that ~we~ could handle liberal democracy was a delusion. Maybe all of us here have been living in the happy, climactic, pre-deluge, end times of a happy little historical bubble.

Given the abysmal ignorance of the American people (not to mention the decadence), it is ridiculous to presume that we can collectively manage ourselves. Unlike the libs, though, I feel my despair at ourselves and our culture as absolutes, not as comparatives. I have no plans to move to France or anywhere else. They don't know jack either about how to nourish and sustain civilization. There is evidence that they know less.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
   01/29/11 09:22

One man, one vote, one time. Democratic Islam is an oxymoron. Perhaps modern communications and social networking will rapidly erode the tribal, theocratic, authoritarian culture of the Arab world. Perhaps the Utopian demagoguery of political Islam will be relegated to being just another voice in an emergent pluralistic ethos of enlightened liberalism... perhaps pigs will fly.

Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse
Load More Comments

Add a Comment

Already Registered? Log In Here.


The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.


* Designates a required field.
© National Review Online 2012
All Rights Reserved.
Subscriptions
NR / Print
NR / Digital

Gift Subscriptions
NR / Print
NR / Digital
NR Apps
iPhone/iPad
Android

NRO Apps
iPhone
Support Us
Donate
Media Kit
Contact