“There is such a thing as too many daughters, but not too many sons,” Dr. Sunita Puri was told by the Asian-Indian women she was interviewing.
The physician, who practices in the Bay Area, wanted to find out why so many immigrant Indian women in the United States were so eager to find out the sex of their unborn children, and why so many of them choose abortion when they found out they were carrying a girl.
What she discovered over the course of 65 interviews conducted over several years profoundly shocked her. Fully 89 percent of the women carrying girls opted for an abortion, and nearly half had previously aborted girls.
Puri’s report, published in Social Science and Medicine this last April, makes for grim reading. Women told Puri of their guilt over their sex-selection abortions, how they felt that they were unable to “save” their daughters. Even the women who turned out to be carrying boys this time around could not shake their remorse over having earlier aborted daughters in this deadly game of reproductive roulette.
They also made clear that they were not free actors when it came to reproductive “choice.” Many, when it was learned that they were carrying girls, became the victims of family violence. Some — in an effort to make them miscarry — had been slapped and shoved around by angry husbands and in-laws, or even kicked in the stomach. Others were denied food, water, and rest in order to coerce them into aborting their unwanted girl babies.
Whether such brutality is common is an open question. That sex-selective abortion is widely practiced among certain Asian-American communities is not.
Jason Abrevaya of the University of Texas analyzed U.S. birth data and found unusually high boy-birth percentages after 1980 among later children (most notably third and fourth children) born to Chinese and Asian-Indian mothers. Moreover, using maternally linked data from California, he found that Asian-Indian mothers are significantly more likely both to have a terminated pregnancy and to give birth to a son when they have previously only given birth to girls.
Columbia University economists Douglas Almond and Lena Edlund also found clear evidence of sex-selective abortions in what they called “son-biased sex ratios,” that is, a higher ratio of boys to girls than would occur in nature. Looking at the sex ratio at birth among U.S.-born children of Chinese, Korean, and Asian-Indian parents, they found that first-borns showed normal sex ratios at birth. But if the first child was a girl, the sex ratio jumped to 117, and if the first two children were girls, then the sex ratio jumped to 151. That is to say, for every 151 boys, there were only 100 hundred surviving girls. The rest had been eliminated.
This is not just misogyny; it is misogyny that kills.
Racism kills as well, to judge from the fact that the abortion rate among blacks is about five times higher than the American average. Blacks are only 12 percent of the population but have 37 percent of the abortions. This suggests that their abortions, too, are more than just a matter of personal choice.
We have been told by the self-described “pro-choice” movement that women who go in for abortions do so because they (not their husbands, in-laws, or kinship group) have decided not to continue their pregnancies. If this turns out not to be true, and others bend you to their prejudices where gender and race are concerned, then the pro-choice argument evaporates.
What we are then left with is discrimination, pure and blatant, on the basis of sex and race. If the child is male or white, it will likely live. If the child is female or black, it may die.
The obvious solution, according to Arizona congressman Trent Franks (Ariz.) is to ban sex- and race-selective abortion. This week he introduced a bill, called the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act, or PreNDA for short, to do just that.
The bill declares that an abortion done for reasons of sex or race selection is a violation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and prohibits doctors from carrying out such abortions. Those who coerce women into a sex- or race-based abortion can be sued by their victims, and organizations that solicit or accept funds to perform such abortions will be in violation of the law.
This reasonable effort to reign in discriminatory abortions has been mischaracterized by the National Organization of Women as an “attempt to restrict healthcare for women of color.”
What it is really about is allowing Indian, Chinese, Korean, and other women the freedom to have the babies of their choosing. Isn’t that what “reproductive choice” is supposed to be all about?
— Steven W. Mosher is the president of the Population Research Institute and the author of Population Control: Real Costs and Illusory Benefits.
I'm definitely pro-life. It is the issue that spawned my interest in politics growing up. When it comes to this issue, I'm a "one-issue" voter. That all said, I'm at a loss as to how banning sex-selective abortions would work? Can this possibly be enforced? If it becomes illegal, the mother won't admit why she is having the abortion if it is for this reason. Besides, if there were a proper enforcement mechanism, we would just fall back to the other problem discussed which is the violence these women face by the men in their lives. If they are unable to get it legally, these men will find another way for it to be done. The answer, I'm afraid, isn't in some law on the books. It's culture. And we need to find a way to influence the cultures that decimate their children in a way that will cause them to value life above gender and race. Of course that's even a harder question to answer!
Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse"Change the culture". How often do we hear that?While being a laudable goal, it is not a strategy. It is also an easy shield that many so-called pro-life politicians hide behind. The Franks bill, and others like it, frames the reasons behind the pro-life stance in a way even our increasingly amoral culture can understand. This same culture is one with a pervasive "if it's legal, it must be ok" mentality, so I think anti-abortion laws are a necessary part of the solution.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseBased on your arguments the US Gov't can ban the wearing of the burka. I don't want the gov't to limit freedom because a few dozen people over the course of a few years claimed they were pressured to do something that could be considered immoral. Tell me where are the hooded KKK members dragging black women to get abortions?
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseJust so we're clear: you're ok with aborting children based on gender?
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseI am opposed to unenforceable feel good laws like this. If you want prosecutors to pry into your life to determine if a fundamentally legal action broke a law then you should move to a police state but I do not want to live in such a country. I do not see the difference between this law and a law banning forms of speech because some people find it immoral. If this an acceptable law then a law banning a preacher saying from the pulpit that homosexuality is a sin is also acceptable.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThe whole life and death thing doesn't make it any different for you?
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseI have a friend from India who told me that a big reason there are so many girls either aborted pre-birth or murdered after birth by their parents is because the cost of weddings in India is so immense that parents see it as a burden too great to bear. He says it never occurs to them to just have a smaller wedding because it's so culturally ingrained that they have massive weddings. We both agreed that it's a sad day in the world when a family values their status and reputation over their children.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbusePerhaps the issue could better be solved by the Health Care Professionals. Just stop telling mothers the sex of their child. If nobody (but God) knows the sex of the child then this isn't an issue anymore. We know that women are undervalued in many cultures. Either stop allowing those cultures to come here (oh, the horrors), or fix the culture. We aren't allowed to "fix" their culture so the only possible solution is to eliminate the information. Besides, it's pretty neat to find out if you have a son or a daughter in the delivery room.
Physician, heal thyself.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThis is a chilling article, and I thank Mr. Mosher for disseminating the horrible but necessary information.
But I truly don't understand: race-selective abortion? What is the theory that anyone is pressured into an abortion because of the baby's race? Am I missing something?
From the article: Racism kills as well, to judge from the fact that the abortion rate among blacks is about five times higher than the American average. Blacks are only 12 percent of the population but have 37 percent of the abortions. This suggests that their abortions, too, are more than just a matter of personal choice.
Black women have more abortions, but is the author arguing that someone other than the black mother is making these decisions -- and making them on account of racism? If anyone is pressuring the mother, most likely it is someone black, isn't it? Such as a relative or (as in the majority of cases) a father who is black? I have read that Planned Parenthood applies pressure, and I understand that Margaret Sanger was a eugenicist, but doing away with black people -- as opposed to doing away with babies generally -- doesn't strike me as a plausible aim of liberals today. If that is theory, I would certanily like to see it spun out. I am just rooting around for explanations here -- maybe the author is suggesting something entirely different, but I can't think what it could be.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseIs it really that hard to imagine a woman being pressured/forced into an abortion because the father was black? I've seen it happen.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseI can imagine it, sad to say, but not when the mother is also black. That would at least be very peculiar.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseDo you mean a white woman? Surely the statistics in the piece are based on the race of the mother. If somehow the statistics take into account white mothers who abort the babies of black fathers, that can't account for a large portion of the abortions considered.
No, I think the author is being deliberately unclear. Although his concern is certainly not misplaced and his intentions are good, he is trying to sweep together the large percentage of black mothers who abort their babies and the outsized percentage of Indian and Chinese mothers who abort their girls. In the latter case he rightly targets sexism, but racism as an explanation for the former seems just to have been thrown in to shore up the overall point, or else to excuse the black mothers and cast about for blame.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseHey DavidJ: yesterday you were pushing me pretty hard to answer a question I wasn't paying much attention to because I thought It was kinda off-topic.
In short: The conventional wisdom on gay marriage is that it doesn't hurt the kids, and I'm unaware of any work on children in >2 arrangements. My gut tells me there might be problems, but then again, my gut tells me that there might be problems with two daddies or two mommies instead of one of each.
Seriously, I do think the administrative issue is for real. Sorry if you don't believe me. As to whether it hurts me that people get into these weirdsomes, no.
Does that work, or do I need to be more specific?
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseI simply can't see how anyone on the pro-choice side of things would have any problem with this. Anytime, for any reason, at any stage in pregnancy seems to be the philosophy.
Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse"What it is really about is allowing Indian, Chinese, Korean, and other women the freedom to have the babies of their choosing."
I'm proudly pro-life, but this is a silly argument. Restricting abortion does not give women "choice" no matter how you spin it. We want to end abortion because it is a horrible practice. You shouldn't have to sugar-coat it by saying it gives women "freedom" or "choices." Pro-choicers love it because they can turn the argument upside down saying if you really cared about "choice" then you'd let them have the choice to terminate their pregnancy.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseTrue, and let's face it, some of the women want sons and are totally on board with their relatives. Some are surely coerced; others aren't. Neither set should kill their babies, so "choice" doesn't enter into the calculation.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseA great (if tragic) post. Thanks for keeping this in the public eye.
A few thoughts:
I get the cleverness of turning the language of "reproductive choice" around on its purveyors. But I'd be wary of doing it too much, lest it seem like a capitulation (or, worse, unwittingly morph into one over time).
It's also nice to call out the hypocrisy of NOW during these terrible, upsetting stories. But I'd also love to see a quote from a pro-life woman's group, such as "Susan B. Anthony List" or the like.
Maybe if we do this, we can get such positive groups in the minds of the public. Why, when we think of women's issues and abortion, should we immediately think of NOW and not, say Susan B. Anthony List?
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Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseIf the Libs can't get worked up about this then just wait until we have a test for the predisposition of homosexuality (they keep telling us it is genetic). When that happens, Katie, bar the door. Then we might see some restrictions on abortion!
Isn't it funny. If you try to save Blacks, you're a racist that is restricting a minority woman. If you try to save women, the same women are upset at you. Don't they realize that political power comes from numbers? If Blacks are overrepresented at abortion clinics by approximately 25% (37-12=25), then, with a normalized representation, there would be roughly 12-MILLION additional black folks in this country to vote (50-million * 25%)! (sorry to all the statistics professors out there if I didn't do it right).
I bet Barack would like those voters next year!
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThis bill is effectively unenforceable. It is a conservative principle to only legislate things that will have an effect, not legislate for the sake of creating a "feel good" cause. Unless you really believe this women are telling the doctor beforehand that they have having abortions for reasons of sex selection? Somehow, given the family dynamics outlined, I'm guessing they are being "pressured" to lie.
This is a serioius problem, but if what we're dealing with is pressure from these families the remedy is to target those families. Launch criminal investigations in this communities if assault, battery, threats, etc were used to coerce women. Pass a bill that WILL do something, by criminalizing coercion over a woman in these matters.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseAs wisely noted above, as well-intentioned an idea as this is, as long as abortion is legal, it's completely unenforceable. The mother simply won't say why she's getting an abortion, and that's that.
The only solution to the problem-- prevent doctors from telling pregnant women the sex of their babies-- is similarly unacceptable, or at least it would be if ever implemented (wealthier parents wouldn't stand for it, and besides, the technology is simple enough that rudimentary tests are available over-the-counter these days).
Absent a complete ban on abortion, there is no legal solution to this problem. It's cultural, and the only way to change the culture is to be not afraid of TALKING about the problem, loudly and often, and refuse to be browbeaten by the liberal PC crowd who will inevitably cry "racism!" at criticizing any sub-culture's abhorrent practices.
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