Ron Paul said the following thing in Saturday’s debate:
But, also, I’m the only one up here and the only one in the Democratic Party that understands true racism in this country is in the judicial system. And it has to do with enforcing the drug laws.
Look at the percentages. The percentage of people who use drugs are about the same with blacks and whites. And yet the blacks are arrested way disproportionately. They’re — they’re prosecuted and imprisoned way disproportionately. They get — they get the death penalty way disproportionately.
That’s a pretty serious slander on our criminal-justice systems. Do the Paul people have stats to back it up?
Heather Mac Donald, in her recent book, book (p.19), tells us that “Imprisonment rate for blacks on drug charges appears consistent with the level of drug activity in the black population.” If the Paulines can prove her wrong, I am sure Heather will offer an apology.
As for death-penalty discrepancies, one would like to see the variables properly addressed. A couple: Are “stranger” murders are more likely to get the death penalty than murders among family or acquaintances, and are blacks and whites equally prone to commit “stranger” murders? Are mostly-white jurisdictions (where victims are mostly white) more conservative, and therefore more friendly to the death penalty, than mostly-black jurisdictions (victims mostly black)? It would be good to see a proper rigorous analysis. No doubt the Paul people can provide one.
On the federal level at least, a report by the Clinton Justice Department told us that white defendants are, all else equal, more likely to get the death penalty, at least in federal courts: “The Attorney General approved seeking the death penalty for 38 percent of White defendants, 25 percent of Black defendants, and 20 percent of Hispanic defendants.”
I think I’m probably friendlier to Ron Paul than any other commentator on this site; but the congressman is a libertarian ideologue, and when ideology — in this case the libertarian sub-ideology of blanket drug legalization — comes in at the door, respect for facts and numbers flies out the window.
69 people have been sentenced to death for federal crimes since 1988. You can't squeeze the statistical blood you want from that stone.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseDid Ron Paul actually say this:
" I’m the only one up here and the only one in the Democratic Party "
Did he actually say that he's in the Democratic Party???
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseDefinitely not a Paul booster, but I think he means even Democrats are, I guess, too cowardly to make this argument today. Dems have been careful with their rhetoric to not let themselves fall back into the mush-headed, "soft on crime" caricatures they were in the 70s.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseYes.
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**For the Paul bots I kept the entire context of the answer...so you can accuse this "neo-con" e.g. conservative AMERICAN Jew (in this case who is Pro-Life) from misquoting the doctor.
STEPHANOPOULOS: Congressman Paul, while -- while we’re on the subject, the speaker said that you’ve had a history of inaccurate statements. There has been quite a bit controversy over this newsletter that went out under your name, a number of comments that were perceived as racist, as inaccurate. You’ve said that even though they were written under your name, that you’re not necessarily -- that you didn’t necessarily know they were written, you don’t necessarily stand by them. Can you really take the time now and explain to everybody what happened there, how it was possible that those kind of comments went out under your name without you knowing about it?
PAUL: Well, it’s been explained many times, and everything’s written 20 years ago, approximately, that I did not write. So concentrating on something that was written 20 years ago that I didn’t write, you know, is diverting the attention from most of the important issues.
But the inference is obvious that -- and you even bring up the word racial overtones. More importantly, you ought to ask me what my relationship is for racial relationships. And one of my heroes is Martin Luther King because he practiced the libertarian principle of peaceful resistance and peaceful civil disobedience, as did Rosa Parks did.
But, also, I’m the only one up here and the only one in the Democratic Party that understands true racism in this country is in the judicial system. And it has to do with enforcing the drug laws.
Look at the percentages. The percentage of people who use drugs are about the same with blacks and whites. And yet the blacks are arrested way disproportionately. They’re -- they’re prosecuted and imprisoned way disproportionately. They get -- they get the death penalty way disproportionately.
How many times have you seen a white rich person get the electric chair or get, you know, execution?
But poor minorities have an injustice. And they have an injustice in war, as well, because minorities suffer more. Even with a draft -- with a draft, they suffered definitely more. And without a draft, they’re suffering disproportionately.
If we truly want to be concerned about racism, you ought to look at a few of those issues and look at the drug laws, which are being so unfairly enforced.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThat was the very thing that *leapt* out at me, too. Perhaps he didn't mean it that way, but he certainly sounded like he put himself in their camp.
Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse'Rand Paul says his father is most electable Republican because he can attract independents'
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'Election 101: Ron Paul sets sights on 2012. Ten things to know about him.'
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“I believe there are literally millions of more people now concerned about the very things I talked about four years ago.... The excessive spending, the entitlement system, the foreign policy, as well as the monetary system,” he said in Iowa, after announcing formation of his exploratory committee.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseIs the NIH reputable enough for you? The numbers below describe 18025 year olds, which is the highest using and most arrested demographic.
"According to the 2003 NSDUH, 38.2% of White young adults 18 to 25 years of age in the U.S. reported any illicit drug use in the past year, followed by African-American (30.6%) and Hispanic (27.5%) young adults (SAMHSA, 2004a). The same race/ethnicity patterns were observed for the past-year prevalence of marijuana use and marijuana use disorders among individuals 18 to 29 years of age according to data from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Compton et al., 2004). Further, the past-year prevalence of DSM-IV marijuana use disorders increased significantly between 1991–1992 and 2001–2002, with the greatest increases observed among Hispanic and African-American young adults. In contrast, the prevalence of DSM-IV marijuana use disorders for White young adults did not change significantly over this same time period (Compton et al., 2004)."
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Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThe data you are presenting are: 1. outdated and 2. not from the NIH. The data are actually from a publication indexed in Medline/PubMed by the NIH. Choosing to use data from 2003 compared to 2010 data AND choosing data pulled from a study conducted on college students automatically means that you are comparing the proverbial "apples to oranges" If you would like more updated information, the 2010 NDSDUH is available from the SAMHSA website at: External Link
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Reply to this commentLinkReport AbusePosts like this always confuse me, because anyone with google can quickly find evidence to dispute the main claims.
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Not that anyone here would trust the New York Times. Some book no one's heard of by some author no one's heard of is much more persuasive.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThe preeminent Monitoring the Future study, alongside other criminological and criminal justice research, has shown for years that black drug use is at or below the level of whites. The same researchers have consistently found that rates of violence are higher among blacks. They aren't blowing smoke. They aren't denying racial differences. And this isn't flimsy evidence. Study after study after study -- different methodologies, different sites, different researchers -- supports the same finding. Blacks are not using drugs at higher rates. Moreover, research on the criminal justice system is arguably much less liberal as some other social sciences, in part because much of it is funded directly by state and federal CJ systems.
Now, just because blacks and whites are involved in drugs at the same rates, does that mean that the criminal justice system is *racist*? Not necessarily. Police patrols, for example, could be heavily influenced by levels of violence (which would make sense and would skew toward black communities). Drug users would then be picked up more due to higher patrol rates. Dealers might be disproportionately black. Even though we do arrest plenty of users, police are most interested in suppliers. Plenty of people convicted of possession were actually committing the crime of dealing, whether due to plea bargains or weak evidence.
So: just because there is a racial disparity in arrests, that does not mean that there is racial discrimination in the system. Correlation, causation. This is a complicated topic. The truth lies somewhere between Paul's "true racism in this country is in the judicial system" and Mac Donald's "How the War Against Police Harms Black Americans." Those are clearly hyperbolic, political positions.
Rational drug and criminal justice policies do require attention to scientific evidence, even if some around here regard that phrase as an oxymoron.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseRemember, libertarians are people who don't want the govt telling them what to do unless they will tell others to not do things the libertarians dislike. They are democrats without the willingness to pay off unions for votes.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseBut remember, Paul wants end it at the federal level and let states decide, not force every state to legalize drugs.
It's a federalism issue, not a libertarian one.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseThe standard anti-libertarian argument is that they are unconscionably rigid and unbending in their beliefs, not that they are hypocritically flexible.
You might be confused by the typical argument against conservatives, which is that they like small government until they need to government to get involved for their pet projects.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseI think two issues are being confused here: "drug USE" and "drug ACTIVITY."
As I recall, the U-Mich study routinely shows whites USE drugs somewhat MORE frequently than minorities do. However, minorities are more likely to be involved in "drug ACTIVITY" -- meaning street dealing and all the gang stuff that goes with it. (A trend which is tied to larger issues of economic opportunity: drug dealing is some people's solution to unemployment, therefore always more prevalent where there are fewer job opportunities.)
So the racial discrepancy needs to unpacked further: what are the incarceration rates for USE aside from "activity"? Again, I think minorities do disproportionately wind up serving time for use charges: often parole/probation violations from failing a mandatory drug test lead to mandatory time (which again ties in to larger questions about who tends to wind up on parole or probation in the first place.)
Also, I've always suspected (but have no proof) that "white suburban" drug dealers are more likely to get away with their crimes. I don't think most of those white drug users are actually buying their drugs in "the ghetto." A more upscale clientele attracts far less police attention.
So I do agree that the results of drug laws have disproportionate impact, but mostly due to larger economic issues. It's a bit like that old joke "world to end tomorrow, women and minorities hardest hit." Of course the poor always suffer more because they have fewer resources -- poverty is really the "root cause" not drugs or racism or whatever. (Of course that leads to the question of what perpetuates poverty -- another topic!!)
PS - I'm sure Ron Paul was originally a southern Democrat, wasn't he? In the old segregation days . . . a classic Freudian slip on someone's part! (Did Paul really say it or Deb misquote?)
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbusePolice as a matter of course pat people down or ask them to hand over drugs. This police behavior is technically catching possession, not dealing. So the appropriate metric is to compare racial groups as users, not as dealers.
Also, I'm pretty sure Ron Paul is from Pittsburgh, not the South. He moved to Texas as an adult, according to Wikipedia.
Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse"That’s a pretty serious slander on our criminal-justice systems. Do the Paul people have stats to back it up?"
These stats may prove helpful (w/ links to actual studies):
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(2011 - race & prison - imprisonment for marijuana offenses)
"Compared to Non-blacks, California’s African-American population are 4 times more likely to be arrested for marijuana, 12 times more likely to be imprisoned for a marijuana felony arrest, and 3 times more likely to be imprisoned per marijuana possession arrest. Overall, as Figure 3 illustrates, these disparities accumulate to 10 times’ greater odds of an African-American being imprisoned for marijuana than other racial/ethnic groups."
Source:
Males, Mike, "Misdemeanor marijuana arrests are skyrocketing and other California marijuana enforcement disparities," Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (San Francisco, CA: November 2011), p. 6.
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(1999 - civil rights - racial disparities in state prison)
Reply to this commentLinkReport Abuse"Our research shows that blacks comprise 62.7 percent and whites 36.7 percent of all drug offenders admitted to state prison, even though federal surveys and other data detailed in this report show clearly that this racial disparity bears scant relation to racial differences in drug offending. There are, for example, five times more white drug users than black. Relative to population, black men are admitted to state prison on drug charges at a rate that is 13.4 times greater than that of white men. In large part because of the extraordinary racial disparities in incarceration for drug offenses, blacks are incarcerated for all offenses at 8.2 times the rate of whites. One in every 20 black men over the age of 18 in the United States is in state or federal prison, compared to one in 180 white men."
Source:
Human Rights Watch, "Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs" (Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch, 2000).
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A report issued by the Drug Policy Alliance to coincide with the NAACP endorsement finds that blacks in California's 25 largest counties are two to four times as likely as whites to be arrested for marijuana possession, even though survey data indicate they are no more likely to use the drug.
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The general theory is that even though white youths use marijuana in equal or greater amounts than non-white youths, policing strategies focus on areas with disproportionately non-white populations. Police strategy also calls for frisking and searching in order to find illegal plant matter, so the result is more black and Hispanic young people get arrested for illegally possessing plants that make them happy.
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As for the death penalty, I don't really know the racial stats but it seems plausible to interpret his comments as saying that black defendants are a disproportionate share of death row. Which is different from the likelihood of approval by the Clinton Administration. If prosecutors ask to execute 1000 black people and 100 white people, a 25% black rate and 38% white rate still means we'd see prosecutors seek the death penalty against 250 black defendants and 38 white defendants. So we have to look at the numbers.
Devil's advocate (I have no evidence, this is just contrarian speculation) if the prosecutors are being far more capricious and aggressive about seeking the death penalty for black defendants and very judicious and restrained about seeking the death penalty for white defendants, then we'd expect to see approval numbers like the Clinton statistic cited. So those numbers, in isolation, don't tell us about the cumulative racial disparity of the system, or even about the racial effect of the process for approving seeking the death penalty. Again, this is devil's advocate, just to point out the weakness of those statistics.
The most serious problem is that eyewitness identification is far weaker than most people will admit to themselves, and is intensely vulnerable to suggestion and repetition. Other evidence forms like bite marks and police dogs, are barely better than guessing. Even fingerprint and DNA have their shortcomings and are less exact than people think.
Eyewitness testimony can be infected by as little as providing a single picture instead of a selection of pictures, or by telling the eyewitness that a non-suspect is the suspect. The result is that a lot of rape victims have identified innocent people as their attackers, with only DNA later confirming the truth. And to bring it back to race, evidence suggests that cross-racial eyewitness identification is far more problematic than same-race eyewitness identifications.
The same government that brought us AmTrak, the Post Office and the DMV, that brought us EPA, NLRB and OSHA, that brought us Solyndra and Fast & Furious, also brings us criminal justice. Is it really a shock that government might make a lot of mistakes in arresting and prosecuting people? It seems like we should assume, a priori, that government's main power lies in turning smart and educated people into incompetent and unproductive bureaucrats.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseIt's not a bad thing to disproportionately target and convict black people. Independently of the question of drug legalization,DWB ( driving while black) men tend to have outstanding warrants, registration violations, contraband of all types, no insurance etc etc etc and are generally-- if they are males between the ages 13- 30 years old-- a good collar because they literally are walking crime statistics.
Well over 50% of crime in the US is commited by black teens and young adult men.
There's no Hitherto overlooked mysterious population of white boys to arrest and charge if the cops would just look a little more thoroughly. The cops for the most part be wasting resources patroling the white burbs.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseRon Paul wants to play the race card? What a waste of breath.
It's not that conservatives don't care about race, it's that we tend to be colorblind with regard to it (left wing slander notwithstanding). When we see a druggie, we don't see a black druggie or a white druggie, we see a druggie. Big Race is snake oil of the left. The right has no interest in peddling it.
Reply to this commentLinkReport AbuseYou equally hate all people who choose to ingest politically unpopular recreational substances, got it. :P (kidding!)
The drug war clearly has racially disparate effects, even if the motivations of most drug warriors are race neutral. Historically, of course, prohibition of drugs and alcohol was intensely racist and trafficked in all manner of stereotypes (just as the historic progressive-left trafficked in race-baiting and eugenics). But that's the past.
The question today is why do we care whether a policy is facially race-neutral when the effect is to arrest millions of black people and make them effectively unemployable? You may not have any animus at all towards black people, but the drug war as a policy has no such limitation.
It's not even effective at reducing drug usage. Kids generally find it easier to get marijuana than alcohol.
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