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Exchequer

NRO’s eye on debt and deficits . . . by Kevin D. Williamson.


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Massive Inflation, Right under Our Noses

It is helpful to remember that there are two sides to every transaction. If the price of an ounce of gold goes up $100, you can say that the price of gold has gone up in terms of dollars — or you can say with equal accuracy that the price of dollars has gone down in terms of gold. A trivial and not exactly blazingly original insight, but one to keep in mind.

Food prices are hitting record highs. Sugar, meat, oils — boom, boom, boom. Food-related products, like fertilizers, are on a pretty steep upward trajectory. (Even the reliably pessimistic cotton farmers are celebrating.) Inflation is nipping at the Chinese economy and threatens to exacerbate social unrest in the world’s largest for-profit police state.

Meanwhile, oil prices are zooming, and the boom in gold and other precious metals has been too amply remarked upon to bear further commentary here.

So, what’s happening? Has the entire planet suddenly got a serious case of the munchies? Sure, there are specific factors contributing to all of this — population growth, higher demand in Asia, non-economic events such as crop failures and droughts, etc. — but we ought to consider another interpretation: The price of food and petroleum isn’t so much rising as the price of dollars, euros, yen, and renminbi is dropping. The financial crisis, the continuing fiscal incontinence of the U.S. and European governments, and the global attempt to stimulate our way out of our recent economic troubles has undermined confidence in government finances, and with it confidence in government-issued currencies, which have no inherent value. (No, I am not setting up an argument for gold-buggery.)

Yesterday, I put up a picture yesterday of a guy sporting my new favorite tattoo: one of the old supply-and-demand graph familiar from your Econ 101 textbook over the motto: “These Laws Cannot Be Broken.” (I want every joker elected to federal office to get that tattoo on his voting hand.) What is underappreciated is that the laws of supply and demand apply to currencies, too: You create new money (and, boy howdy, have we been creating money!), you increase the supply, demand does not change, and the price goes down. Usually, this is reflected in currency exchange rates: Uncle Sam creates lots of dollars, and the greenback falls against the euro and the yen. But when all of the major currencies are being pumped up at the same time, the exchange rates won’t move in the same way, since they’re all being devalued at the same time.

Another underappreciated aspect of our current currency situation: One of the biggest stimulators out there — and one of the biggest money-supply inflators — has been China. China’s money supply, by some estimates, increased by 50 percent during its stimulus campaign. Part of that is the familiar ChiCom program for keeping its currency artificially cheap and its people artificially poor to keep the exports sector booming, but part of it is Beijing doing exactly what they’ve been doing in Washington and London and Tokyo: flooding the economy with free money in the hopes of stimulating economic activity — i.e., the crystal-meth approach to economics.

It seems to me entirely plausible that what we are seeing is a giant, global vote of no confidence  in the economic policies of the world’s major economies: Europe and the United States, sure, but China, too. I used to say that you could judge how seriously a man took his beliefs about the future by how much of his own money he was willing to bet on a given proposition. But there are things that people take even more seriously than money: things with real value, like food and fuel. Inflation happens when the money supply is increased, regardless of whether it shows up in the Consumer Price Index. CPI jumps are not inflation, they are a reaction to inflation. But don’t tell me that at a time when the market is putting high or record prices on everything of inherent value that everything is hunky-dory on the inflation front. When one country devalues its currency in a last-ditch effort to stave off crisis, it’s a banana republic. When the United States, Europe, Japan, and China do it in a coordinated fashion, we’re all part of the Banana Federation of Greater Bananastan.

Supply and Demand: These Laws Cannot Be Broken.

– Kevin D. Williamson is a deputy managing editor of National Review and author of The Politically Incorrect Guide to Socialism, now available at Amazon.com. You can buy an autographed copy through National Review Online here.

Tags: Commodities, Debt, Deficits, Despair, General Shenanigans, Inflation

New on Exchequer. . .


COMMENTS   55

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 ds
   01/05/11 12:31

so why ISN'T core CPI spiking then? All the producers of consumer goods who use fuel and energy to create them are just altruistically absorbing higher prices?

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   01/05/11 12:33

Will it be Michelle Obama or Nancy Pelosi wearing the Carmen Miranda headpiece?

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   01/05/11 12:50

DS: Not altruistically absorbing higher prices, I don't think, but recessions and weak economies have a way of putting a damper on price hikes. Also, some of our trading partners, particularly China, have political mandates to keep export volumes high even if profits are low, for various reasons.

Also, durable-goods orders have been declining, and nobody wants to jack up prices when demand already is falling.

I'm not sure how useful a measure "core" CPI is: If the inflation action is in food and energy, then you aren't going to see it reflected in an index that excludes food and energy. But there's no reason that the results of inflation have to be evenly distributed throughout the economy. We had massive housing inflation for a decade, and most everybody loved it. Until they didn't.

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Michele Frost
   01/05/11 13:00

I went to Sam's Club yesterday to stock up on some staples and resupply my holiday-baking-depleted baking supplies. I hadn't done a major shopping since the summer, so I figured I'd spend about $300, as I had back in July. Imagine my surprise when the total was just over $400... I keep an electronic price book for several reasons (mainly related to me being both a database designer and really cheap) so I checked previous prices when I got home. Sure enough, with the exception of a few loss leaders, virtually everything I bought was 25% to 35% more expensive. And let's not even mention the $50 it took to fill my tank on the way to Sam's - and I live in TEXAS! Every time I hear economists worry that inflation isn't high enough, I wonder if they actually consume food or drive a car...

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Stan Greer
   01/05/11 13:15

I shop at a Safeway and a Trader Joe's in Northern Virginia. I do virtually all the food shopping for a family of eight, so I am very familiar with food prices.

My total expense for groceries hasn't gone up by more than 3% over the past year.

My experience, then, suggests the overall CPI (not just the core one) showing low inflation is correct, and that Mr. Williamson and his commenters are living on another planet.

I don't put blind faith in government data, but I distrust them less than the personal anecdotes of people who have axes to grind and whose experiences don't remotely match my own.

As the head of large (by modern standards) family packed into a townhouse in Fairfax, I don't think I live in an ivory tower. Kevin Williamson and his commenters, on the other hand . . .

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   01/05/11 13:29

Stan Greer:

I am not making up the high-to-record commodities prices. Those prices are real: Those are daily market transactions, all over the world. How and whether those translate into higher Safeway prices in Fairfax is a secondary question. (Unless you live in Fairfax.)

To repeat: Inflation is NOT an increase in general consumer prices; inflation is an increase in the money supply. Whether the real (money supply) inflation shows up in general consumer prices depends on a bunch of different factors -- which are not unimportant, but they are not the central part of the story.

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   01/05/11 13:32

Stan Greer:

But you are no doubt correct that my experiences "do not remotely match" those of a Trader Joe's-shopping guy in the D.C. suburbs. Congratulations.

Also, brilliant detective work on finding a guy "with an ax to grind" writing for an opinion journal.

I have a feeling that you work for the government. If you don't, consider it!

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   01/05/11 13:37

I think it was James Grant who said, "Buying gold is a hedge against paper money and those who manage it."

I agree with Kevin's point, once you inflate the money supply you can't control where the inflation manifests. Everyone loves asset inflation (homes, stocks) but nobody likes CPI inflation. Sorry, the genie is out of the bottle.

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Michele Frost
   01/05/11 13:44

I am relatively new to economic theory (Macro Econ 101 was an 8 am class 20 years ago... ) but I generally understand the explanation about inflation being a measure of increased money supply, not price increases. My question, which I'm sure is laughably ignorant, is once "optimum inflation" is achieved, what then? How do you slam the brakes on the money supply, particularly when it is a global condition, without massively disrupting economies?

P.S. I've lived in various parts of the country over the years, including several years in Alexandria, VA. It has been my experience that for whatever reason, prices in the DC area fluctuate much less than in other parts of the country...

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   01/05/11 13:56

We do what we can to educate ourselves in econmomics and monetary policy so we can attempt to read the tea leaves. Thus far, the message from politicans and policy makers is this: The rules of economics and monetary policy do not apply to the worlds great economies so long as they have a central bank and currency printing presses. Millions, billions, trillions, whatever. Down economy? No problem, just add another high gear to the currency printing presses, and let's roll. The piper always, always has to be paid and I don't think we are going to have to wait 10-20 years to see it happen.

So eat, drink and be merry, I don't know, buy gold if you want.

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   01/05/11 14:03

Here's one fix for the rise in food prices - turn the frickin' water back on to California's Central Valley! The eco-nazis place the survival of three inch, inedible fish in the Sacramento delta above, oh say, the single working mom who has to buy food for her children so they can have a decent meal!

I just recently drove up the 5 from LA to SF and it is essentially the dust bowl from 1930's Oklahoma.

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   01/05/11 14:10

The government has a vested interest in keeping the core CPI numbers flat. How else do they get to tell seniors that there will be no SS increase this year?

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   01/05/11 14:14

"Core" CPI is dominated by shelter costs. Shelter costs are currently severely depressed due to the housing bust. The Fed would do better to look at CPI ex-shelter, or at least excluding "owners equivalent rent," which has to be the least useful statistic ever devised.

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Stan Greer
   01/05/11 14:21

Kevin Williamson, why the silly ad hominem attack about where I work?

As a matter of fact, I work for the National Right to Work Committee and its research affiliate.

I therefore, naturally, agree with you about the evils of public-sector "collective" bargaining and a wide range of other issues.

But I do shop at grocery stores regularly, apparently unlike you, since you indicate your experiences are very remote from mine. I also recently bought a new Minivan and even paid for my eldest son's (community, and therefore, lucky for me, heavily subsidized) college tuition. I buy a wide range of things, and pay attention to a wide range of prices. That's why I find your commentary about raging inflation so out-of-this-world and irritating. Not, God forbid, because I work for the government, which would be completely beside the point, anyway.

If you did shop at grocery stores regularly, perhaps you would be less of a hysteric about inflation.

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 JPK
   01/05/11 14:22

I think Stan is just a troll. I have 7 children. And our core grocery list has remained the same for over 3 years. And I can tell you that the price of beef, poultry, pork, eggs, flour, sugar, potatos, canned goods, frozen veggies, and bread have all gone up considerably. My wife cooks much of food from scratch, so when we do buy processed food the sticker shock is considerable.

I read earlier last autumn that Walmart was able to get its suppliers to eat the wholesale increases by accepting lower margins. Depending on where you buy your food, the price increases vary. Again, many producers have kept this commodity inflation from the consumer to some degree. But, with corn approaching $7/bushel, soybeans selling for over $10/bushel, and oil approaching $100/barrel, whole sale prices are set to explode later this year. Unless Stan is feeding his family Snickers and Blatz Beer (even Beer has gone up over 15% in the last 2 years) I seriously doubt the veracity of his statements.

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 JPK
   01/05/11 14:29

To answer Ds's question about the core CPI. Not only does it subract energy and other commodities, I read it also weighted towards real estate prices. And since, real estate prices have been falling the CPI has remained flat.

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   01/05/11 14:31

I would rather have 10% inflation than 1% deflation.
The CPI is not the measure of the Inflation or Deflation in the overall economy, only the consumer portion of the economy, and that with a flawed housing cost component.
The Largest measure of money supply called M3 (Fed stopped tracking M3 in Oct. 06, how convenient, Huh) is still deflating, deflation is destructive, it destroys businesses, people lose their jobs, and foreclosures skyrocket (like now). 60% of American family net wealth is held as equity in their home, and the American family nest egg is being crushed by falling home values.

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Mr. Sandmich
   01/05/11 14:32

That Denninger character has documented how thus far that product inflation has resulted in 'margin compression' as price increases are absorbed as best as they can by by the supplier, vendor, and everyone in between since there's no money in the economy to absorb the price increases (though in my experience it has shown up in "value add-ons" that are actually central for a product to work and packaged food products being shrunk as far as they can without being outwardly noticed).

There is 'good' news though, generalized incompetence may benefit us short term when bubbles in India and China take a popping and commodities price-correct a bit.

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stan greer
   01/05/11 15:02

JPK, my last comment was evidently blocked, but I'll try anyway.

What is your total food bill today, compared to three years ago, assuming you had seven kids then as well?

That's more important than what specific items cost.

Anyway, I assume you (or, it seems, your wife) tries to shop wisely and buy what's on sale. I did this three years ago, and I do it now. Using this strategy, I was able to get a fairly good quality loaf of whole wheat for $2.00 three years ago (give or take 30 cents, depending on the season and other factors), and I'm able to do the same today. I was able to get a gallon of whole milk for just under three bucks three years ago, and I can generally do that today, by comparison shopping at two stores. I'm now generally able to get a pound of 80/20 hamburger for $2.50, which is less than I had to spend three years ago.

I'm sure I could do better yet if I bought in bulk, but we have only one refrigerator and not much pantry space, so I don't go to Costco etc.

That's my real world experience. If you did your shopping yourself, instead of (apparently) having your wife do it, perhaps you would agree with me. In general, I notice that wives, who do most of the shopping for necessities across America, are much less apt to rant publicly about "rampant" inflation than husbands and (especially) single gentlemen.

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MikeInOhio
   08/11/11 20:39

> What is your total food bill today, compared to three years ago, assuming you had seven kids then as well? That's more important than what specific items cost.

No, that is a false comparison. Many people try to maintain a fixed budget for food, and they are geting much less for their money. Because the prices of specific items is important, it does matter.

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