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December 5, 2001, 8:00 a.m.
The Free-Trader Tide
Win or lose in Congress this week, this issue has momentum.

artisan politics returns to Congress this Thursday when the House votes whether to provide fast-track trade negotiating authority to George W. Bush. House Speaker Denny Hastert (R., Ill.) wants to force House Democrats into a no-win choice: give Bush a pivotal win or be unmasked as false friends.



  

Hastert thinks he has the Democrats cornered because his whip operation is telling him that 188, and perhaps more, GOP Congressmen will vote to give Bush expanded trade negotiating powers. Thus, if only 29 House Democrats support the administration, a minuscule 15% of their membership, Bush will win the House showdown. Unfortunately, as of now, only 7 House Democrats publicly back fast track.

Since 1993, free traders have known that if their cause was going to have trouble in Congress, it would be on the House floor. In recent years, the House floor has been the sight of several decisive trade showdowns, including NAFTA, the first WTO agreement, and providing permanent most favored nation status to China. In fact, the House defeated the last fast-track proposal in 1998 by a vote of 180-243. Only 29 Democrats voted then to give Democratic President Bill Clinton fast-track powers.

On these earlier key trade votes, however, the Senate has gone along by comfortable majorities. A House win now, therefore, likely leads later to a Senate win by a margin of 60-40 or better.

Bush would use his new powers to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and to complete another round of global trade liberalization talks that just got underway earlier
this month in Doha, Qatar. However, if House Republicans vote 187 to 34 in favor while Democrats vote 29 to 183 against, U.S. exporters and importers will lose 216 to 217. And unhappy treasurers of political action committees (PACs) from these industries won't be writing as many checks to the Democratic National Committee, hurting somewhatDemocratic prospects for reclaiming the House next November.

Sticking it to your opponents is fun, of course, but as investors we'd prefer it if the GOP found other issues with which to go after the Democrats.

THE HEALTHY NAFTA EXAMPLE
A loss on Thursday will be a setback, but not fatal. If the House vote were close, it's possible that the administration can regroup and offer sufficient inducements to pry free the necessary votes next year.

Congress might also learn the wisdom of Beatle George Harrison's song lyric, that "life goes on within you and without you." Trade Ministers from 34 Western Hemisphere nations have met six times since June 1995, and have produced a draft free trade agreement (FTAA). Western Hemisphere Trade Ministers can continue to narrow their differences while they wait for Bush to get the votes in the House.

Investors should anticipate that a FTAA will become law before President Bush must face the voters in 2004. More than 800 million people will participate (over twice the size of the European Union). The effective date for the new agreement is expected to be January 1, 2005.

It's worthwhile to consider what could happen south of the border when the FTAA comes into effect. Fortunately, there is a naturally occurring social-science experiment to evaluate:
Mexico before and after NAFTA. Mexican-U.S. trade has exploded since NAFTA. The IMF Direction of Trade Yearbook, 2001 shows that Mexico exported $43 billion in merchandise trade to, and imported $51 billion from, the U.S. in 1993. In 2000, just six years later, the totals had risen to $148 billion and $140 billion. The many new maquiladora towns on Mexico's northern border document physically the impact of NAFTA.

There are several ways that investors can play the coming South American trade surge. They can invest in individual equities on foreign bolsas. They can purchase American Depository Receipts, which trade in tandem with their foreign counterparts on American stock exchanges, from an ever growing list of possibilities. A current list for Peru, for example, can be accessed at site-by-site.com. Alternatively, investors can gain diversified exposure by purchasing closed-end country funds, here or in London — many of which trade at discounts to net asset values.

Stuart J. Sweet is president of Capitol Analysts Network, a political risk-management firm based in Chevy Chase, Md.

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