Ramesh, in practice, that “ pinky on the scale” in college admissions is almost always an anvil.
The Center for Equal Opportunity crunched the numbers and found that at time the Supreme Court decided the Grutter and Gratz affirmative action cases, the likelihood of a black applicant being admitted to the University of Michigan was 174 times greater than that of a similarly situated white comparative. At some colleges the disparity was/is even greater.