How Much of Science Is Fake?

The 217-year-old publisher of numerous scientific journals, Wiley, is dealing with an existential crisis. It recently shuttered 19 journals and retracted more than 11,300 papers upon discovering large-scale research fraud afflicting them.

The fraud wasn’t limited to the usual suspects: the academically dubious social-science “grievance studies” fields (e.g., gender studies, race studies, and fat studies). Nearly 900 fraudulent papers were from the physical-sciences publisher IOP Publishing.