‘Socialism is coming,” J. A. Wayland, the publisher of Appeal to Reason, promised in 1902. “It’s coming like a prairie fire and nothing can stop it.”
A decade later, the founder of the most successful periodical in the history of the American left looked more prophet than crackpot. Socialists, particularly Wayland, imagined 1912 as the year of American deliverance from capitalism to socialism.






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