What Marx and Engels Thought About Socialism in the United States

Sanders, Mamdani, and AOC hope to substitute socialism for Americanism, a project that even Marx and Engels had their doubts about.

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From left: Senator Bernie Sanders (I., Vt.), then-New York City mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani, and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D., N.Y.) at the “New York is Not For Sale” rally in New York City, October 26, 2025.

Eduardo Munoz/Reuters

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels weren’t right about much, but they made some astute observations about America while trying to explain its resistance to socialism.

According to Marx’s theory, as the world’s most advanced capitalist country, and one that was industrializing at a rapid clip, the United States was supposed to be closest to the inevitable socialist revolution.

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