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Why Sex Differences Matter in Women’s Sports

In ruling on whether males should be able to compete alongside girls and women, the Supreme Court should trust science.

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Runners compete in the women’s 200m during the NCAA Track and Field Championships at Hayward Field in Eugene, Ore., June 14, 2025.

Kirby Lee-Imagn Images

Today, the United States Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in two cases that go to the heart of fairness in athletics. The question before the Court is whether states may enact laws preventing biological males from competing in girls’ and women’s sports. These laws, passed in Idaho, West Virginia, and more than two dozen other states, reflect common sense and biological reality. They are also supported by a strong majority of Americans across the political spectrum.

At stake is a simple question: Do sex-based differences matter in sport? The answer, grounded in eons of human experience and decades of biological and sports science research, is an unequivocal yes.

Gregory Brown

About the Author

Gregory Brown

Gregory A. Brown is a professor of Exercise Science at the University of Nebraska at Kearney. These are his own opinions and not a statement on behalf of the university.

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