Iran’s foreign minister believes that if Iran questions the Holocaust enough, it will also throw into question Israel’s right to exist. At least now, their logic is clear. False, though, is the foreign minister’s canard that there has never been anti-Semitism in Iran. Long before the establishment of Israel, nineteenth century pogroms—whipped up not by ordinary Iranian people but rather by the clerics—decimated the Jewish communities in Mashhad, Tabriz, and other large Iranian communities.