It seems I have the answer to my first question already:

The state’s largest private foundation, McKnight is joining forces with other large U.S. foundations, including the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, in pledging more than $1 billion to prevent climate change.

On top of the $300m ad budget for the Alliance for Climate Protection, this makes the $19m we are continually told that Exxon spent over a decade arguing the other way seem a tad anemic, doesn’t it? The next time Al Gore calls the skeptical movement a “well-funded denial machine,” I hope people laugh in his face.