‘I don’t know if I’m weaker than other people,” wrote C. S. Lewis to his brother on July 20, 1940, “but it is a positive revelation to me that while the speech lasts it is impossible not to waver just a little.”
Adolf Hitler had delivered a menacing speech to the German Reichstag the night before, simultaneously translated into English by the BBC. In it, he blamed the war in Europe on “the big capitalist clique of war profiteers” and “the international Jewish poison.” The rise of totalitarianism in the 1930s — in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union — depended upon millions of people succumbing to the political propaganda of regimes that drew their strength from their hatreds.






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