In her famous post-Cold War essay, “Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism,” Martha Nussbaum lays out the cosmopolitan ethic succinctly. Cosmopolitans are those “whose primary allegiance is to the community of human beings in the entire world.” She contrasts it to nationalism:
Nussbaum would eventually go on to ground her theory of cosmopolitanism in the ancient ethic of Cynics and Stoics, though she wanted to make Cicero a little less interested in self-sufficiency, and a little more interested in social do-goodism.






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