The Third World War

The State of Communist Morale

Periodically since 1917 the world Communist movement has experienced deep inward shocks. These follow unanticipated actions of the Communist leadership on matters of peculiar significance for Communist ideology. The most notable occasions have been: the Kronstadt uprising (1921); the liquidation of factions (c. 1929) ; the capitulation to Hitler without a fight (1933); the great Purge Trials (1936-38); the Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939). In 1956 there was a double shock: the de-Stalinization campaign and the Hungarian revolt.

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James Burnham

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The State of Communist Morale

Periodically since 1917 the world Communist movement has experienced deep inward shocks. These follow unanticipated actions of the Communist leadership on matters of peculiar significance for Communist ideology. The most notable occasions have been: the Kronstadt uprising (1921); the liquidation of factions (c. 1929) ; the capitulation to Hitler without a fight (1933); the great Purge Trials (1936-38); the Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939). In 1956 there was a double shock: the de-Stalinization campaign and the Hungarian revolt.